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3 Problem statement examples and steps to write your own

We’ve all encountered problems on the job. After all, that’s what a lot of work is about. Solving meaningful problems to help improve something. 

Developing a problem statement that provides a brief description of an issue you want to solve is an important early step in problem-solving .

It sounds deceptively simple. But creating an effective problem statement isn’t that easy, even for a genius like Albert Einstein. Given one hour to work on a problem, he’d spend 55 minutes thinking about the problem and five minutes finding solutions. (Or so the story goes.)

Einstein was probably exaggerating to make a point. But considering his success in solving complex problems, we think he was on to something. 

As humans, we’re wired to jump past the problem and go directly to the solution stage. In emergencies, this behavior can be lifesaving, as in leaping out of the way of a speeding car. But when dealing with longer-range issues in the workplace, this can lead to bad decisions or half-baked solutions. 

That’s where problem statements come in handy. They help to meaningfully outline objectives to reach effective solutions. Knowing how to develop a great problem statement is also a valuable tool for honing your management skills .

But what exactly is a problem statement, when should you use one, and how do you go about writing one? In this article, we'll answer those questions and give you some tips for writing effective problem statements. Then you'll be ready to take on more challenges large and small.

What is a problem statement?

First, let’s start by defining a problem statement. 

A problem statement is a short, clear explanation of an issue or challenge that sums up what you want to change. It helps you, team members, and other stakeholders to focus on the problem, why it’s important, and who it impacts. 

A good problem statement should create awareness and stimulate creative thinking . It should not identify a solution or create a bias toward a specific strategy.

Taking time to work on a problem statement is a great way to short-circuit the tendency to rush to solutions. It helps to make sure you’re focusing on the right problem and have a well-informed understanding of the root causes. The process can also help you take a more proactive than reactive approach to problem-solving . This can help position you and your team to avoid getting stuck in constant fire-fighting mode. That way, you can take advantage of more growth opportunities.  

When to use a problem statement

The best time to create a problem statement is before you start thinking of solutions. If you catch yourself or your team rushing to the solution stage when you’re first discussing a problem, hit the brakes. Go back and work on the statement of the problem to make sure everyone understands and agrees on what the real problem is. 

Here are some common situations where writing problem statements might come in handy: 

• Writing an executive summary for a project proposal or research project
• Collaborating   on a cross-functional project with several team members
• Defining the customer issue that a proposed product or service aims to solve
• Using design thinking to improve user experience
• Tackling a problem that previous actions failed to solve 

How to identify a problem statement

Like the unseen body of an iceberg, the root cause of a specific problem isn’t always obvious. So when developing a problem statement, how do you go about identifying the true, underlying problem?

These two steps will help you uncover the root cause of a problem :

• Collect information from the research and previous experience with the problem
• Talk to multiple stakeholders who are impacted by the problem

People often perceive problems differently. Interviewing stakeholders will help you understand the problem from diverse points of view. It can also help you develop some case studies to illustrate the problem. 

Combining these insights with research data will help you identify root causes more accurately. In turn, this methodology will help you craft a problem statement that will lead to more viable solutions. 

What are problem statements used for?

You can use problem statements for a variety of purposes. For an organization, it might be solving customer and employee issues. For the government, it could be improving public health. For individuals, it can mean enhancing their own personal well-being . Generally, problem statements can be used to:

• Identify opportunities for improvement
• Focus on the right problems or issues to launch more successful initiatives – a common challenge in leadership
• Help you communicate a problem to others who need to be involved in finding a solution
• Serve as the basis for developing an action plan or goals that need to be accomplished to help solve the problem
• Stimulate thinking outside the box  and other types of creative brainstorming techniques

3 examples of problem statements

When you want to be sure you understand a concept or tool, it helps to see an example. There can also be some differences in opinion about what a problem statement should look like. For instance, some frameworks include a proposed solution as part of the problem statement. But if the goal is to stimulate fresh ideas, it’s better not to suggest a solution within the problem statement. 

In our experience, an effective problem statement is brief, preferably one sentence. It’s also specific and descriptive without being prescriptive. 

Here are three problem statement examples. While these examples represent three types of problems or goals, keep in mind that there can be many other types of problem statements.        

Example Problem Statement 1: The Status Quo Problem Statement

Example: 

The average customer service on-hold time for Example company exceeds five minutes during both its busy and slow seasons.

This can be used to describe a current pain point within an organization that may need to be addressed. Note that the statement specifies that the issue occurs during the company’s slow time as well as the busy season. This is helpful in performing the root cause analysis and determining how this problem can be solved. 

The average customer service on-hold time for Example company exceeds five minutes during both its busy and slow seasons. The company is currently understaffed and customer service representatives are overwhelmed.

Background:

Example company is facing a significant challenge in managing their customer service on-hold times. In the past, the company had been known for its efficient and timely customer service, but due to a combination of factors, including understaffing and increased customer demand, the on-hold times have exceeded five minutes consistently. This has resulted in frustration and dissatisfaction among customers, negatively impacting the company's reputation and customer loyalty.

Reducing the on-hold times for customer service callers is crucial for Example company. Prolonged waiting times have a detrimental effect on customer satisfaction and loyalty, leading to potential customer churn and loss of revenue. Additionally, the company's declining reputation in terms of customer service can have a lasting impact on its competitive position in the market. Addressing this problem is of utmost importance to improve customer experience and maintain a positive brand image.

Objectives:

The primary objective of this project is to reduce the on-hold times for customer service callers at Example company. The specific objectives include:

• Analyzing the current customer service workflow and identifying bottlenecks contributing to increased on-hold times.
• Assessing the staffing levels and resource allocation to determine the extent of understaffing and its impact on customer service.
• Developing strategies and implementing measures to optimize the customer service workflow and reduce on-hold times.
• Monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of the implemented measures through key performance indicators (KPIs) such as average on-hold time, customer satisfaction ratings, and customer feedback.
• Establishing a sustainable approach to maintain reduced on-hold times, taking into account both busy and slow seasons, through proper resource planning, training, and process improvements.

Example Problem Statement 2: The Destination Problem Statement

Leaders at Example company want to increase net revenue for its premium product line of widgets by 5% for the next fiscal year. 

This approach can be used to describe where an organization wants to be in the future. This type of problem statement is useful for launching initiatives to help an organization achieve its desired state. 

Like creating SMART goals , you want to be as specific as possible. Note that the statement specifies “net revenue” instead of “gross revenue." This will help keep options open for potential actions. It also makes it clear that merely increasing sales is not an acceptable solution if higher marketing costs offset the net gains. 

Leaders at Example company aim to increase net revenue for its premium product line of widgets by 5% for the next fiscal year. However, the company currently lacks the necessary teams to tackle this objective effectively. To achieve this growth target, the company needs to expand its marketing and PR teams, as well as its product development teams, to prepare for scaling. 

Example company faces the challenge of generating a 5% increase in net revenue for its premium product line of widgets in the upcoming fiscal year. Currently, the company lacks the required workforce to drive this growth. Without adequate staff in the marketing, PR, and product development departments, the company's ability to effectively promote, position, and innovate its premium product line will be hindered. To achieve this kind of growth, it is essential that Example company expands teams, enhances capabilities, and strategically taps into the existing pool of loyal customers.

Increasing net revenue for the premium product line is crucial for Example company's overall business success. Failure to achieve the targeted growth rate can lead to missed revenue opportunities and stagnation in the market. By expanding the marketing and PR teams, Example company can strengthen its brand presence, effectively communicate the value proposition of its premium product line, and attract new customers.

Additionally, expanding the product development teams will enable the company to introduce new features and innovations, further enticing existing and potential customers. Therefore, addressing the workforce shortage and investing in the necessary resources are vital for achieving the revenue growth objective.

The primary objective of this project is to increase net revenue for Example company's premium product line of widgets by 5% in the next fiscal year. The specific objectives include:

• Assessing the current workforce and identifying the gaps in the marketing, PR, and product development teams.
• Expanding the marketing and PR teams by hiring skilled professionals who can effectively promote the premium product line and engage with the target audience.
• Strengthening the product development teams by recruiting qualified individuals who can drive innovation, enhance product features, and meet customer demands.
• Developing a comprehensive marketing and PR strategy to effectively communicate the value proposition of the premium product line and attract new customers.
• Leveraging the existing base of loyal customers to increase repeat purchases, referrals, and brand advocacy.
• Allocating sufficient resources, both time and manpower, to support the expansion and scaling efforts required to achieve the ambitious revenue growth target.
• Monitoring and analyzing key performance indicators (KPIs) such as net revenue, customer acquisition, customer retention, and customer satisfaction to measure the success of the growth initiatives.
• Establishing a sustainable plan to maintain the increased revenue growth beyond the next fiscal year by implementing strategies for continuous improvement and adaptation to market dynamics.

Example Problem Statement 3 The Stakeholder Problem Statement

In the last three quarterly employee engagement surveys , less than 30% of employees at Eample company stated that they feel valued by the company. This represents a 20% decline compared to the same period in the year prior. 

This strategy can be used to describe how a specific stakeholder group views the organization. It can be useful for exploring issues and potential solutions that impact specific groups of people. 

Note the statement makes it clear that the issue has been present in multiple surveys and it's significantly worse than the previous year. When researching root causes, the HR team will want to zero in on factors that changed since the previous year.

In the last three quarterly employee engagement surveys, less than 30% of employees at the Example company stated that they feel valued by the company. This indicates a significant decline of 20% compared to the same period in the previous year.

The company aspires to reduce this percentage further to under 10%. However, achieving this goal would require filling specialized roles and implementing substantial cultural changes within the organization.

Example company is facing a pressing issue regarding employee engagement and perceived value within the company. Over the past year, there has been a notable decline in the percentage of employees who feel valued. This decline is evident in the results of the quarterly employee engagement surveys, which consistently show less than 30% of employees reporting a sense of value by the company.

This decline of 20% compared to the previous year's data signifies a concerning trend. To address this problem effectively, Example company needs to undertake significant measures that go beyond superficial changes and necessitate filling specialized roles and transforming the company culture.

Employee engagement and a sense of value are crucial for organizational success. When employees feel valued, they tend to be more productive, committed, and motivated. Conversely, a lack of perceived value can lead to decreased morale, increased turnover rates, and diminished overall performance.

By addressing the decline in employees feeling valued, Example company can improve employee satisfaction, retention, and ultimately, overall productivity. Achieving the desired reduction to under 10% is essential to restore a positive work environment and build a culture of appreciation and respect.

The primary objective of this project is to increase the percentage of employees who feel valued by Example company, aiming to reduce it to under 10%. The specific objectives include:

• Conducting a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to the decline in employees feeling valued, including organizational policies, communication practices, leadership styles, and cultural norms.
• Identifying and filling specialized roles, such as employee engagement specialists or culture change agents, who can provide expertise and guidance in fostering a culture of value and appreciation.
• Developing a holistic employee engagement strategy that encompasses various initiatives, including training programs, recognition programs, feedback mechanisms, and communication channels, to enhance employee value perception.
• Implementing cultural changes within the organization that align with the values of appreciation, respect, and recognition, while fostering an environment where employees feel valued.
• Communicating the importance of employee value and engagement throughout all levels of the organization, including leadership teams, managers, and supervisors, to ensure consistent messaging and support.
• Monitoring progress through regular employee surveys, feedback sessions, and key performance indicators (KPIs) related to employee satisfaction, turnover rates, and overall engagement levels.
• Providing ongoing support, resources, and training to managers and supervisors to enable them to effectively recognize and appreciate their teams and foster a culture of value within their respective departments.
• Establishing a sustainable framework for maintaining high employee value perception in the long term, including regular evaluation and adaptation of employee engagement initiatives to address evolving needs and expectations.

What are the 5 components of a problem statement?

In developing a problem statement, it helps to think like a journalist by focusing on the five Ws: who, what, when, where, and why or how. Keep in mind that every statement may not explicitly include each component. But asking these questions is a good way to make sure you’re covering the key elements:

• Who: Who are the stakeholders that are affected by the problem?
• What: What is the current state, desired state, or unmet need? 
• When: When is the issue occurring or what is the timeframe involved?
• Where: Where is the problem occurring? For example, is it in a specific department, location, or region?
• Why: Why is this important or worth solving? How is the problem impacting your customers, employees, other stakeholders, or the organization? What is the magnitude of the problem? How large is the gap between the current and desired state? 

How do you write a problem statement?

There are many frameworks designed to help people write a problem statement. One example is outlined in the book, The Conclusion Trap: Four Steps to Better Decisions, ” by Daniel Markovitz. A faculty member at the Lean Enterprise Institute, the author uses many case studies from his work as a business consultant.

To simplify the process, we’ve broken it down into three steps:

1. Gather data and observe

Use data from research and reports, as well as facts from direct observation to answer the five Ws: who, what, when, where, and why. 

Whenever possible, get out in the field and talk directly with stakeholders impacted by the problem. Get a firsthand look at the work environment and equipment. This may mean spending time on the production floor asking employees questions about their work and challenges. Or taking customer service calls to learn more about customer pain points and problems your employees may be grappling with.    

2. Frame the problem properly  

A well-framed problem will help you avoid cognitive bias and open avenues for discussion. It will also encourage the exploration of more options.

A good way to test a problem statement for bias is to ask questions like these:

3. Keep asking why (and check in on the progress)

When it comes to problem-solving, stay curious. Lean on your growth mindset to keep asking why — and check in on the progress. 

Asking why until you’re satisfied that you’ve uncovered the root cause of the problem will help you avoid ineffective band-aid solutions.

What to avoid when writing a problem statement

When crafting a problem statement, it's essential to communicate the issue clearly and effectively. A well-formulated problem statement sets the stage for understanding and addressing the challenge at hand. However, there are common pitfalls that can undermine its clarity and purpose. Here's what you should avoid:

• Vagueness : Be specific about the problem and its context.
• Complexity : Keep the language simple and direct.
• Overgeneralization : Avoid broad statements that don’t address specific issues.
• Assumptions : Don’t presume solutions or causes without evidence.
• Jargon : Use clear, accessible language that can be understood by all stakeholders.

Refining your problem statements

When solving any sort of problem, there’s likely a slew of questions that might arise for you. In order to holistically understand the root cause of the problem at hand, your workforce needs to stay curious. 

An effective problem statement creates the space you and your team need to explore, gain insight, and get buy-in before taking action.

If you have embarked on a proposed solution, it’s also important to understand that solutions are malleable. There may be no single best solution. Solutions can change and adapt as external factors change, too. It’s more important than ever that organizations stay agile . This means that interactive check-ins are critical to solving tough problems. By keeping a good pulse on your course of action, you’ll be better equipped to pivot when the time comes to change. 

BetterUp can help. With access to virtual coaching , your people can get personalized support to help solve tough problems of the future.

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Madeline Miles

Madeline is a writer, communicator, and storyteller who is passionate about using words to help drive positive change. She holds a bachelor's in English Creative Writing and Communication Studies and lives in Denver, Colorado. In her spare time, she's usually somewhere outside (preferably in the mountains) — and enjoys poetry and fiction.

What is lateral thinking? 7 techniques to encourage creative ideas

27 problem-solving strategies to turn challenges on their head, how to get inspired: 15 ideas to help you reach your potential, how to answer “what motivates you” in a job interview, how motivation works in the brain: exploring the science, motivation and inspiration: examples in life and work, strategic plan vs. work plan: what's the difference, motivation vs. inspiration: the perfect combination for success, 19 ways to get motivated, writing a value statement: your guide to keeping your team aligned, how to write an executive summary in 10 steps, what’s a project scope, and how do you write one, contingency planning: 4 steps to prepare for the unexpected, big brother is here, but there’s a better way to improve employee productivity, how to write a resume summary that works + examples, what is a career statement, and should you write one, how to craft an impactful company mission statement, stay connected with betterup, get our newsletter, event invites, plus product insights and research..

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How to Write a Problem Statement for a Research Paper?

What is a problem statement in research, and why is it crucial? A research problem statement is a clear and precise declaration that identifies the issue or challenge your study aims to tackle. It needs to be understandable to both experts and non-experts alike. You can ensure your statement is effective by basing it on established knowledge and avoiding unsupported claims. This way, you can create a solid foundation for your research.

Okay, we answered what is a problem statement, but why is grounding your statement in a literature review important? A thorough review of existing studies not only provides context but also connects your research to the broader scientific community. This approach helps ensure that your problem statement is both relevant and meaningful, guiding your empirical investigation with a strong, evidence-based foundation.

To effectively write a research problem statement, follow these steps:

• Begin by pinpointing the broad field or subject area that captures your interest.
• Narrow down this general area to a particular issue or challenge that needs attention.
• Provide context by explaining why the problem is important and what gap in current knowledge it addresses.
• Articulate the problem in a clear, succinct manner, ensuring that the language is accessible to your target audience.
• Write in an unbiased and neutral tone, steering clear of subjective language and personal opinions.

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How to Write a Problem Statement in Specific Situations

Now, let our online essay writer service address how to write a problem statement for a research paper tailored to different research contexts.

Academic Research

In academic research, a problem statement is written after conducting a preliminary literature review. This initial review helps you identify gaps in current knowledge and frame your problem within the context of existing studies. The problem statement should then clearly articulate the specific issue you intend to investigate, its significance, and how your research will contribute to the field.

• Preliminary Literature Review : Identify gaps or inconsistencies in existing research.
• Define the Problem : State the issue clearly, based on the literature review.
• Significance : Explain why the problem matters and what new insights your research will provide.

Business and Management

In business and management contexts, problem statements often address practical issues that impact organizational performance or strategy. These statements are usually formulated after identifying a specific challenge or inefficiency within the company.

• Identify a Challenge : Pinpoint a specific problem affecting the organization.
• Gather Data : Collect relevant data to understand the problem's scope and impact.
• State the Problem : Clearly describe the issue, focusing on its business implications.
• Propose Objectives : Outline the goals of your research or proposed solutions.

Social and Policy Research

For social and policy research, problem statements focus on societal issues or policy gaps. These statements should highlight the broader implications of the problem and the potential impact of the research findings on policy or society.

• Identify a Social Issue : Choose a relevant social or policy issue that needs investigation.
• Contextualize : Provide background information to frame the issue within a larger societal context.
• Define the Problem : Clearly state the issue and its implications for society or policy.
• Significance : Explain how addressing the problem can lead to social or policy improvements.

What is Included in a Problem Statement

A comprehensive problem statement does more than just identify a gap in understanding or a lack of essential data. It also explains the importance of addressing this gap. Here are key components to include:

Step 1. Contextualize the Problem

To effectively understand how to write a problem statement for a research paper, you should first contextualize the problem and start by offering background information that sets the stage for your research. This involves presenting the broader area of study and then narrowing it down to the specific issue you will address. By doing so, you help your audience understand the environment in which the problem exists.

Example: If your research focuses on the impact of financial literacy programs on small business owners' ability to secure loans, begin with an overview of the importance of financial literacy in business. Discuss how small businesses contribute to the economy and summarize previous studies on financial literacy's general effects on business success. This context helps to frame your specific research question within the larger discourse.

Detailed Steps:

• Introduce the General Area : Begin with a broad discussion of the field.
• Highlight Key Issues : Identify major themes or problems in the field.
• Narrow Down : Focus on the specific issue your research will address.

Step 2. Establish the Study's Significance

After setting the context, it's crucial to explain why your research is significant. This involves articulating the importance of the problem statement and how your research will contribute to the field. Here, you answer questions like: Why does this problem matter? Who will benefit from the findings?

Example: Continuing with the financial literacy example, explain why understanding its impact on small business owners' ability to secure loans is crucial. Highlight the potential consequences of poor financial literacy, such as higher loan rejection rates, increased financial instability, and business failures. Emphasize how your research could inform policymakers, financial institutions, and educational program designers, leading to more effective financial literacy programs and better support for small businesses.

• Highlight the Gap : Clearly state what is missing in current research.
• Discuss Implications : Explain the broader impact of addressing this gap.
• Identify Beneficiaries : Point out who will benefit from your research findings.

Step 3. Set Your Objectives

Your statement should conclude with clear research aims and objectives. This section outlines what you intend to achieve and the steps you will take to address the problem. Be specific about your research goals and the methods you will use to accomplish them.

Example: For the financial literacy and loan acquisition study, your aims might include evaluating the current financial literacy levels among small business owners, examining the correlation between financial literacy and loan approval rates, and assessing the effectiveness of existing financial literacy programs. Your objectives could be to conduct surveys of small business owners, analyze loan application data, and develop recommendations for improving financial literacy programs based on your findings.

• State Your Aims : Clearly articulate the primary goals of your research.
• Outline Your Objectives : Break down the aims into specific, actionable objectives.
• Describe Your Methods : Briefly mention the research methods you will use to achieve these objectives.

Problem Statement Example

Here, we prepared two research problem statement examples that can serve as unique templates for developing your own statement.

Characteristics of a Research Problem Statement

According to Kerlinger, a good problem statement asks what relationship exists between two or more variables. When learning how to write a problem statement, make sure it has the following characteristics:

Writing a clear problem statement helps you pinpoint the exact issue, explain why it matters, and set specific goals. Whether you're looking into social issues or business problems, a well-defined statement directs your study toward valuable insights and solutions. If you ever need expert research proposal help , remember that together, we can transform your ideas into impactful studies that drive positive change!

Scratching Your Head Over Problem Statements?

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What is a Problem Statement in Research?

How to write a problem statement, how do you structure a good problem statement.

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is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

• Rupam. (n.d.). Research Problem and its Characteristics . https://www.tpscollegepatna.org/admin-panel/image/content/Research%20Problem%20and%20its%20Characteristics.pdf
• Characteristics of a Quality Problem Statement . (n.d.). https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57e9e21f2e69cf4b7cee5ba0/t/5935d3e003596eebfc6b0463/1496699873373/Characteristics+of+a+Quality+Problem+Statement+%281%29.pdf

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Problem Statement: What It Is, How to Write + Examples

A well-defined problem statement is the foundation of any successful project, research, or initiative. Whether you’re a student, a professional, or an entrepreneur, understanding a problem statement and how to craft one effectively is crucial. 

In this blog post, we will dive deep into problem statements, explaining what they are, how to write them, and providing real-life examples to guide you.

What Is a Problem Statement?

A problem statement is a concise and clear description of an issue or challenge that needs to be addressed. It serves as a roadmap for problem-solving and decision-making, helping individuals and teams define the scope of their work and focus on the most critical aspects of a problem. 

The problem statement underscores the need for exploring viable solutions and potential solutions to tackle the rising energy consumption in our community.

A well-crafted problem statement should be:

• Specific: Clearly define the problem, avoiding vague or general descriptions.
• Measurable: Include criteria to assess the success or completion of the solution.
• Achievable: Ensure that the problem can be solved or improved within reasonable constraints.
• Relevant: Align the problem statement with your goals and objectives.
• Time-bound: Set a timeframe for solving the problem or achieving progress.

When to Use a Problem Statement

A problem statement is a concise and clear description of an issue or challenge that needs to be addressed. It is often used in various contexts, including business, research , project management, and problem-solving. 

Here are some key elements of situations in which you should use to write a problem statement in a brief and focused manner:

• Project Proposals: When proposing a project, whether it’s for a business world initiative or a research endeavor, concise writing problem statements help stakeholders understand why the project is necessary and what it aims to solve.
• Business Plans: A brief error statement can provide context for the business goals and objectives in a business plan or strategy document. It helps identify the specific market or industry challenges the business addresses.
• Research Proposals: In academic or scientific research proposals, a succinct error statement outlines the research question or problem the study intends to investigate. It sets the stage for the research objectives and methodology.
• Product Development: When creating a new product or service, a short problem statement helps the design process and development teams focus on solving a specific user or market problem.
• Policy Development: In the public sector, government agencies and policymakers often use error statements to define and communicate the issues that need attention, leading to the formulation of policies or regulations.
• Conflict Resolution: In conflict resolution or mediation processes, a concise error statement can help parties involved in a dispute to understand the core issues and work towards a resolution.
• Quality Improvement: In quality management or process improvement initiatives, a brief error statement helps identify the areas in a process where improvements are needed.
• Marketing and Advertising: When creating marketing campaigns or advertising materials, a problem statement can be used to highlight a consumer’s pain point and show how a product or service can solve it.
• Innovation Challenges: In innovation competitions or hackathons, participants often start by defining a clear and concise error statement before brainstorming a proposed solution.
• Personal Goals: Even in personal development or goal-setting, it can be helpful to formulate a concise problem statement to clarify what you want to achieve and why.

How to Write an Effective Problem Statement

Writing an effective problem statement is crucial for any project, research, or initiative because it sets the stage for addressing the issue at hand. A well-crafted problem statement clarifies the problem, provides context, and serves as a guide for developing and implementing solutions. 

Here are the steps to write an effective problem statement:

01. Understand the Problem:

Begin by thoroughly understanding the problem you intend to address. Conduct research, gather data, and talk to relevant stakeholders to gain insights into the issue. Identify the scope and boundaries of the problem.

02. Define the Problem Clearly:

Your problem statement should be clear and concise. Avoid vague or ambiguous language. State the problem in simple terms so anyone reading it can understand the issue.

03. Provide Context:

Give background information to help readers understand the problem’s significance. Explain why it is important, who it affects, and what its implications are. Provide relevant statistics, trends, or examples to illustrate the problem’s financial costs, scope and impact.

04. Identify the Root Cause:

Try to identify the underlying causes or factors contributing to the problem. This will help address the issue at its core rather than just its symptoms.

05. Be Specific:

Avoid broad or generic problem statements. Instead, narrow down the problem to a specific issue that can be tackled effectively. Specificity will make it easier to develop targeted solutions.

06. Use Measurable Criteria:

Include measurable criteria for success. This allows you to evaluate whether the problem has been resolved or improvements have been made. Quantifiable metrics help in tracking progress.

07. Make It Feasible:

Ensure that the problem statement reflects a realistic and achievable challenge. It should be addressed within your resources and constraints.

08. Avoid Solution Language:

This should focus on describing the problem, not proposing solutions. Avoid phrases like “we need to do X” or “we should implement Y.” Save the solution-oriented discussions for later in the design thinking process.

09. Consider the Audience:

Tailor your own problem statement to the audience it is intended for. Use language and terminology that your audience can understand and relate to. Adapt the level of technical detail accordingly.

10. Seek Feedback:

Share your problem statement with colleagues, experts, or stakeholders to gather feedback and refine it. Their input can help ensure clarity and completeness.

11. Revise and Refine:

Continue to revise and refine the error statement as you gather more information and insights. It may evolve as your understanding of the problem deepens.

12. Test for Objectivity:

Ensure that your problem statement is free from bias and reflects a balanced perspective. Avoid making assumptions or assigning blame without evidence.

Examples of Problem Statements

The problem statement serves as the foundation for your research, outlining the key challenges and issues we aim to address in just a few sentences and providing a clear direction for our study. To further illustrate how to create effective problem statements, let’s explore some real-life problem statement examples:

Example 1: Education

“The high school dropout rate in our community has risen by 20% over the past two years, negatively impacting our future workforce. We need to implement targeted intervention programs to reduce dropout rates and ensure a more educated workforce.”

Example 2: Healthcare

“Patients in our clinic often face long wait times for appointments, resulting in dissatisfaction and delays in medical care. We must streamline our appointment scheduling process to reduce wait times and improve patient’s customer satisfaction ratings.”

Example 3: Business

“Our e-commerce website experiences a high cart abandonment rate, leading to lost sales opportunities. We must identify the reasons for cart abandonment and implement strategies to increase conversion rates.”

A well-crafted problem statement is fundamental for effective problem-solving in any field or endeavor. Following the steps outlined in this blog post and studying the examples provided can enhance your ability to define, address, and ultimately solve complex problems. 

Whether you’re a student tackling a research project or a professional seeking to improve your organization’s processes, mastering the art of problem statement writing is a valuable skill that can lead to greater success.

QuestionPro streamlines problem-solving with versatile surveys, data analysis, segmentation, and real-time reporting. It offers a comprehensive toolkit for gathering valuable insights, facilitating informed decision-making, and addressing problem statements effectively.

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How To Write A Research Paper

Research Paper Problem Statement

How to Write a Problem Statement for a Research Paper in 6 Steps

10 min read

Published on: Mar 6, 2024

Last updated on: Oct 28, 2024

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A well-written problem statement is a compass that guides your research journey. In this guide, we'll show you how to create a strong problem statement with clear examples. 

Whether you're an established researcher or new to academic research, this guide will help you enhance the impact of your work. Let's explore together how to define the scope of your research and capture your audience's attention from the start. 

Let's get started!

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What is a Problem Statement?

In a research paper , a problem statement is a concise and clear articulation of a specific issue or challenge that a research study aims to address. It defines the scope, context, and significance of the problem, guiding the research towards meaningful exploration and resolution. 

According to Creswell (2014) , a problem statement acts as a "key component" in the early stages of the research process, helping to focus the study.

Where Does the Problem Statement Go in Your Paper?

The problem statement is usually placed in the early sections of a research paper, following the introduction and preceding headings related to research objectives, purpose, and questions. 

This strategic positioning helps establish the specific problem under investigation and sets the stage for the entire paper.

When to Write a Problem Statement?

The creation of a problem statement is a pivotal early step in the research process. It should be written:

• At the Project Inception: Develop the problem statement as you initiate your research project.
• Before Data Collection: Craft the problem statement before gathering data to provide a clear research direction.
• During Proposal Writing: Include the problem statement in research proposals to outline the study's purpose.
• Prior to Literature Review : Define the problem before delving into existing literature to guide your review effectively.
• In Initial Drafts: Begin drafting the problem statement early, refining it as your understanding of the research evolves.

Writing the problem statement at these stages ensures a strong foundation, guiding your research with a focused and well-defined purpose.

What to Include in a Problem Statement?

Writing an effective problem statement involves incorporating essential elements to clearly define the research challenge. To create a robust problem statement, consider including:

• Clear Description: Define the problem concisely.
• Contextual Background: Provide context to help readers understand the issue's relevance.
• Scope Limitations: Specify the boundaries of the problem to focus the study.
• Significance: Explain why the problem is worth investigating.
• Research Purpose: State the overall objective or aim of the study.
• Research Questions or Hypotheses: Pose your hypothesis or specific inquiries to guide the investigation.

Now let’s move on to the most awaited part of the guide, which is how to write a problem statement for a research paper: 

Step 1: Define the Research Context

To effectively define the research context in your statement of the problem, consider the following detailed approach:

Practical Research Problem

For practical research, delve into the tangible aspects of the issue. Specify where and when the problem occurs, pinpointing the affected demographic and detailing any prior attempts to address the problem.

Theoretical Research Problem 

For theoretical research, explore the scientific, social, geographical, or historical background of the problem. Outline what is already known, the time or geographical constraints, and how scholars have defined and debated the issue.

Step 2: Highlight the Significance

To effectively highlight the significance of your research problem in the statement, consider the following detailed approach:

Practical Research Problems

For practical research, elucidate the potential outcomes if the problem remains unresolved. Consider who will be affected and the wider implications. Evaluate if similar issues exist in other contexts.

Theoretical Research Problems

For theoretical research, explore how resolving the problem contributes to a deeper comprehension of the subject. Assess the benefits for future research and whether the problem has direct or indirect consequences for society.

Step 3: Formulate Clear Objectives 

To formulate clear objectives in your statement of the problem, follow these guidelines:

Define the Research Aim

Clearly articulate the overall purpose of your research using infinitive phrases like "The aim of this study is to..."

Specify Research Objectives 

Concrete steps to achieve the aim should be outlined and written in a clear and measurable manner.

Step 4: Identify Limitations and Scope

When addressing limitations and scope in your statement of the problem, it's crucial to provide a transparent and realistic framework for your research. Follow these guidelines:

Acknowledge Inherent Limitations

Be upfront about the constraints and challenges your research might face. This could include time, budget, access to data, or methodological limitations.

Define the Scope of Your Study

Clearly outline the boundaries of your research. Specify the aspects you will focus on and those you will exclude. This helps readers understand the context and depth of your investigation.

Consider Implications of Limitations

Briefly discuss how these limitations might impact the interpretation of results or the generalizability of findings.

Step 5: Consider the Research Questions

In formulating research questions in your statement of the problem, follow these guidelines to ensure clarity and precision:

Align Questions with Objectives

Ensure that each research question directly corresponds to the objectives you outlined earlier. This alignment helps maintain focus and relevance.

Make Questions Specific and Clear 

Formulate questions that are specific, unambiguous, and directly related to the problem. Avoid vague or overly broad inquiries.

Ensure Researchability

Confirm that your research questions are feasible and can be effectively addressed with the chosen research methods and available resources.

Step 6: Write and Refine the Final Problem Statement

After carefully navigating through the preceding steps, the final step involves crafting the ultimate problem statement for your research paper. 

Here is an example of what a polished problem statement looks like:

Problem Statement Examples

Here is a list of problem statement examples you can look at and get inspiration. 

Example of Problem Statement in Research Paper

Statement of the Problem Example Quantitative Research

Statement of the Problem Example Qualitative Research

Problem Statement In Research Proposal

Problem Statement Template

To sum it up,

Writing a strong problem statement is a vital step in shaping the direction of your research. By following the six steps outlined, you can articulate a clear and focused problem that sets the stage for a successful study. 

Remember, precision is key when it comes to writing the problem statement for your research paper. Therefore, if you find yourself struggling, don't hesitate to seek professional help. 

At CollegeEssay.org , our online writing service is ready to assist you with your research paper assignments. 

Connect with our research paper writing service today for expert guidance and ensure your problem statement aligns with your research objectives.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long should a research problem statement be.

A research problem statement should be concise, typically ranging from one to three paragraphs. It should convey the essence of the problem clearly without unnecessary details, ensuring a focused and impactful presentation.

Should the problem statement be written before or after the literature review?

Ideally, the problem statement is crafted before the literature review. Defining the research problem provides a foundational framework, guiding the subsequent literature review to explore existing knowledge and identify gaps in understanding.

Is it necessary to propose solutions in the problem statement?

No, the problem statement is primarily focused on articulating the research problem rather than proposing solutions. Solutions to solve the problem are typically addressed in the later stages of the research paper, allowing the problem statement to set the stage for the investigation without prematurely suggesting answers.

Betty P. (Literature, Natural Sciences)

Betty is a freelance writer and researcher. She has a Masters in literature and enjoys providing writing services to her clients. Betty is an avid reader and loves learning new things. She has provided writing services to clients from all academic levels and related academic fields.

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How to Write a Problem Statement

5-minute read

• 16th August 2021

A problem statement is a concise description of an issue or problem that needs to be addressed. They are used in both business and academic research:

• In business, problem statements are used to define an existing practical problem and plan a solution. This can be a short, stand-alone document in some cases, but it might also be part of a more detailed report or plan.
• Academic problem statements are used to help identify a research question , either as part of a research proposal, or within the introductory section of an essay or dissertation that then goes on to address the problem identified.

But how do you write a good problem statement? In this post, we’ll look at writing problem statements for both business writing and academic research. 

The Key Elements of a Problem Statement

In both business and research, a problem statement needs to do three things:

• Introduce the problem and provide details.
• Address why the problem needs to be solved.
• Put forward your aims and objectives.

However, this might look a little different depending on whether you’re trying to address a practical problem for a business or organization or a theoretical problem in an academic context. Therefore, we will look at each of these in turn.

Problem Statements in Business Writing

In a practical or business context, the first step in writing a problem statement is explaining the problem and setting out background information, such as:

• What is the issue that needs to be solved?
• Where and when is it taking place?
• Who is it affecting?
• What has been done to address the problem so far?

For example, the opening passage of a problem statement about lateness among employees at a business might look like this:

A recent review has found that 10% of Company X’s employees arrive 20 minutes (or more) late for work at least 20% of the time. This affects relations within the company and with clients. Interviews have already been held with the persons concerned to determine the reasons for their lateness.

Next, you will want to explain the significance of the problem. This might also involve citing research to show what will happen if it isn’t solved (e.g., what it might cost the organization). For instance, the next paragraph might say:

Research by Smith (2020) shows that lateness can reduce productivity at SMEs by up to 15%. At Company X, this lack of productivity could cost up $84,000 per year. In addition, delays caused by lateness may damage the company’s reputation with clients (Jones 2002), causing further potential losses.

Finally, a solution-focused problem statement should end with either:

• A concrete recommendation for how to solve the issue.
• A “next step” to take toward resolving the issue, such as conducting further research to identify an effective solution if one isn’t immediately available.

For example, to complete our example problem statement, we might say:

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To address this problem, the company should develop a staff survey to determine how employees are traveling to work and the obstacles they experience in getting to work on time. Managerial staff can then use the data gathered to hold focus groups with selected employees and discuss potential solutions.

Taken as a whole, the full problem statement now identifies the problem, explains its significance, and recommends what to do next in a few short paragraphs.

Problem Statements in Academic Writing

An academic problem statement will focus more on giving a reason for researching something than addressing a practical issue. It will, therefore, usually begin by setting out the relevant theoretical background for the research. For instance:

Around 32% of patients in intensive care units in Australia in 2019 contracted urinary tract infections (UTIs) during their hospital stay (Hanson and Perkins 2020). The reasons for this are not clear, although a study in Singapore suggests that it may be due to dehydration (Sepe 2018). However, the small sample size in this study means it cannot easily be generalized.

In terms of establishing the significance of the problem, as well as noting the gap in existing research, you may want to consider the wider social or practical consequences of the issue at hand. For example:

UTIs in hospital patients cost the public health system approximately $2 million per year, as well as slowing the recovery of patients and causing a shortage of beds (Department of Health and Human Services 2020). Finding an effective way to reduce incidences of UTIs will therefore have significant benefits to public health as well as advance the existing knowledge in this subject area.

And to conclude a theoretical problem statement, you will need to explain how the research will address or offer insight into the problem:

This research will use quantitative analysis to identify the causes of UTIs in intensive care patients by replicating the Singapore study in a larger population. A trial will also be conducted, providing higher quantities of intravenous fluids as a method for preventing dehydration among vulnerable patients.

In total, these steps will allow you to briefly explain the nature and significance of a research project, although you may also need to provide a full literature review and a detailed explanation of the methodology elsewhere in your paper.

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A problem statement is a concise description of a specific issue that needs to be addressed in a study. It is an important component of any research project. By indentifying the main problem or concern, it provides a rationale for why the study is necessary.

This article will shed more light on the basics of a research statement, its purpose and how you can create it. A brief step by step guide on writing robust issue descriptions will be provided below. Stay with us and you will get prepared for conducting your own research!  Also, you can check out paper writing service by StudyCrumb to get proficient help with this important task.

What Is a Problem Statement?

A problem statement provides an effective definition of an issue that you must examine in your work. It also servers the following purposes:

• Put an issue into a context.
• Explain the relevance of an issue and why you have chosen it for your project.
• Define objectives of your research. You should specify main steps you're planning on in order to can solve it.

At the same time, your  problem statement  should not be too wordy. It should contain only relevant details. It should be direct when describing all things mentioned above.  

Why Problem Statement Is Important in Research?

Role of the problem statement in a  research paper  lies in creating a solid, well-organized basis for your study. It is an essential step in understanding the significance of an issue and finding effective solutions. This is why you should write a strong approach to an issue before planning your research steps. It will serve as a guide for you. Also, with its help you can quickly solve any issue you can encounter when writing a paper.  

How to Write a Problem Statement for Research: Step-By-Step Guide

How to write a good problem statement? Most importantly, it should help you better understand full meaning and context of an issue. Better make sure you don't miss anything at the start of your project. We have prepared this quick guide on writing good approach to an issue. Let us explain it in detail. Help with research paper writing is there for you always.

Step 1. Offer Background in Your Problem Statement

Begin writing a problem statement by examining background of selected issue. Depending on the type of your research, focus on its practical or theoretical aspects. For practical issue, explain who or what is affected by this process. Tell what attempts have been made to find some solution. For theoretical one, explain what is already known about an issue from credible sources. Tell whether it is limited to any certain geographic location or period of time. Second, give it some context. Explain how this particular issue stands in a way of different processes. You may even explain those processes! After all, it is way easier for readers to sympathize with topic if they understand it.  

Step 2. Explain Why the Problem Statement Matters

Statement of the problem should provide clear arguments for relevance of an issue. Unless it is obvious from context, you need to start with clear answers to questions like these:

• Is your problem connected to some other important ones?
• Which direct or indirect consequences can this issue bring for society, economics or environment?
• What can happen if it is not solved?
• What benefits can be gained by solving it?
• Will solving an issue contribute to better understanding of related area(s)?

Step 3. Find Effective Approaches in Your Problem Statement

Next step is exploring your possibilities given the context. Science project problem statement should determine the paths you are going to take with your research. Your approaches may:  

• Address the aspects that make the heaviest impact and, therefore, need to be solved as soon as possible.
• Investigate connection with similar issues to find whether other solutions could be applied to this one.
• Explore the solutions suggested by other researchers if any are available.

Step 4. Show Research Objectives in Your Problem Statement

A statement of the problem in research paper should provide full description of your aim and objectives. The aim is typically not only about finding some solution. It examines the factors causing the issues and sets the research strategy. The following objectives can be used:  

• Research methodology to identify different aspects of an issue and relations between factors.
• Research activities you perform to collect necessary data.
• Mathematical or statistical operations to measure the data you have collected.

Problem Statement Examples

We have prepared an example of problem statement in a research paper for your convenience. Jow to write my research papers ? Keep in mind that you need to focus on composing proper structure of your report for maximum efficiency. 

There are a lot of different blogs we have for our users. For example, if you are looking for an example discussion section for a reasearch paper , we have got you covered.

Writing a Problem Statement: Final Thoughts

Today we have provided you with a quick guide on how to write a problem statement. Feel free to use it for your own research ideas. 

Our paper writers are experts in various academic areas and they create high quality texts on a variety of topics, always delivering orders on time.

Frequently Asked Questions About Writing a Problem Statement

1. what is a good problem statement.

A good problem statement should provide clear definition of an issue at the beginning. You must include clear and concise explanation of its context. Also, add some absolute or relative measurements that quantify that gap. However you should not focus on possible causes or specific solutions at this stage.

2. Where do you put a problem statement in a research paper?

A problem statement in a research paper is to be put after thesis and research questions. Its purpose is to provide more details about specific area around your topic that is described in the thesis and to explain your objectives to show how you will obtain answers to the research questions.

3. What is the significance of a problem statement in a research paper?

A problem statement plays an important role in your research as it organizes the information you initially have about your subject. The purpose is to introduce the reader to the importance of the topic being studied. Besides, it helps you find appropriate ways to conduct the research and find the answers.

4. How long should a problem statement be in research proposal?

In problem statement you'd usually need 1 page to explain an issue your process improvement project will address. Depending on which format your tutor or your institution recommends, it also may include your approaches and your objectives. List of three or four items is enough for each of these two elements.

Joe Eckel is an expert on Dissertations writing. He makes sure that each student gets precious insights on composing A-grade academic writing.