what are the differences between theme and thesis

Thesis vs. Topic Sentence

What's the difference.

A thesis statement and a topic sentence are both essential components of academic writing, but they serve different purposes. A thesis statement is a concise and arguable claim that presents the main idea or argument of an essay or research paper. It provides a roadmap for the entire piece of writing and guides the reader on what to expect. On the other hand, a topic sentence is a statement that introduces the main idea of a paragraph. It acts as a mini-thesis within the larger context of the thesis statement, focusing on a specific aspect or supporting point. While a thesis statement is typically found at the end of an introduction, a topic sentence is usually the first sentence of a paragraph.

Further Detail

Introduction.

When it comes to academic writing, two essential components that play a crucial role in structuring an essay or research paper are the thesis statement and the topic sentence. Both the thesis statement and the topic sentence serve as guiding principles for the entire piece of writing, providing a clear focus and direction. While they share similarities in their purpose, they also have distinct attributes that set them apart. In this article, we will explore the characteristics of both the thesis statement and the topic sentence, highlighting their importance and differences.

Thesis Statement

A thesis statement is a concise and declarative sentence that presents the main argument or claim of an essay or research paper. It is typically found in the introductory paragraph and sets the tone for the entire piece of writing. The thesis statement is often considered the backbone of the paper, as it provides a roadmap for the reader and guides the writer's thought process.

One of the key attributes of a thesis statement is its specificity. It should clearly state the main point or argument of the paper, leaving no room for ambiguity. A well-crafted thesis statement is focused and precise, allowing the reader to understand the writer's stance on the topic from the very beginning.

Furthermore, a thesis statement should be arguable. It should present a claim that can be supported or refuted through evidence and logical reasoning. This attribute distinguishes a thesis statement from a mere statement of fact. By presenting an arguable claim, the writer invites the reader to engage with the topic and consider different perspectives.

In addition, a thesis statement should be concise and to the point. It should capture the essence of the writer's argument without unnecessary elaboration. This brevity ensures that the thesis statement remains clear and impactful, avoiding confusion or ambiguity.

Lastly, a thesis statement should be placed at the end of the introductory paragraph. This positioning allows it to serve as a transition between the introduction and the body paragraphs, providing a smooth flow of ideas and setting the stage for the subsequent discussion.

Topic Sentence

Similar to a thesis statement, a topic sentence plays a vital role in structuring a paragraph within an essay or research paper. While a thesis statement encompasses the entire paper, a topic sentence focuses on a specific paragraph or section. It serves as a mini-thesis, summarizing the main idea of the paragraph and connecting it to the overall argument.

One of the primary attributes of a topic sentence is its clarity. It should clearly state the main point of the paragraph, allowing the reader to understand its purpose and relevance. A well-crafted topic sentence provides a concise preview of the information that will be discussed in the paragraph, guiding the reader through the writer's thought process.

Furthermore, a topic sentence should be unified. It should address only one main idea or argument, avoiding the inclusion of unrelated or extraneous information. This attribute ensures that the paragraph remains focused and coherent, enhancing the overall clarity and effectiveness of the writing.

In addition, a topic sentence should be placed at the beginning of the paragraph. This positioning allows it to serve as a clear transition from the previous paragraph and provides a logical flow of ideas throughout the essay or research paper. By starting with a strong topic sentence, the writer sets the stage for the subsequent discussion and helps the reader navigate through the content smoothly.

Lastly, a topic sentence should be supported by evidence and examples. It should not only present the main idea but also provide sufficient information to validate or illustrate the point being made. By including supporting details, the writer strengthens the argument and enhances the overall persuasiveness of the paragraph.

In conclusion, both the thesis statement and the topic sentence are essential components of academic writing that provide structure and coherence to essays and research papers. While the thesis statement encompasses the entire paper and presents the main argument, the topic sentence focuses on individual paragraphs and summarizes their main ideas. Both the thesis statement and the topic sentence should be clear, specific, and supported by evidence. The thesis statement is placed in the introductory paragraph, while the topic sentence starts each paragraph. By understanding the attributes of both the thesis statement and the topic sentence, writers can effectively convey their ideas and engage readers in their writing.

Comparisons may contain inaccurate information about people, places, or facts. Please report any issues.

• Thesis Action Plan New
• Academic Project Planner

Literature Navigator

Thesis dialogue blueprint, writing wizard's template, research proposal compass.

• See Success Stories
• Access Free Resources
• Why we are different
• All Products
• Coming Soon

Thesis vs. Topic Sentence: What’s the Difference and Why It Matters

Understanding the difference between a thesis statement and a topic sentence is essential for effective writing. Both play vital roles in structuring an academic paper, but they serve distinct purposes. A thesis statement presents the main argument of the paper, while topic sentences introduce the main idea of each paragraph. Knowing how to use both correctly can greatly enhance the clarity and focus of your writing.

Key Takeaways

• A thesis statement summarizes the main argument of the paper, while a topic sentence introduces the main idea of each paragraph.
• Thesis statements guide the overall direction of the paper, while topic sentences help organize individual paragraphs.
• A strong thesis statement is clear, specific, and debatable, while a good topic sentence should relate directly to the thesis.
• Both thesis statements and topic sentences should be revised for clarity and focus as the writing process progresses.
• Understanding the roles of thesis statements and topic sentences can improve reader engagement and comprehension.

Distinguishing Between Thesis Statements and Topic Sentences

Clarifying Definitions

A thesis statement and a topic sentence serve different purposes in writing. A thesis statement presents the main argument of your paper , while a topic sentence introduces the main idea of a specific paragraph. Understanding this distinction is crucial for effective writing.

Understanding Their Roles

The thesis statement acts as a roadmap for your entire paper, guiding the reader through your argument. In contrast, topic sentences help to organize individual paragraphs, ensuring that each one relates back to the thesis. This structure helps maintain clarity and focus throughout your writing.

Common Misconceptions

Many students confuse thesis statements with topic sentences. A common misconception is that a topic sentence can serve as a thesis statement. However, a thesis statement is different from a topic statement ; it articulates a specific argument rather than merely stating what the paper is about. This misunderstanding can lead to vague writing and unclear arguments.

The Importance of a Thesis Statement

Establishing direction.

A thesis statement is essential because it provides a clear direction for your paper. It tells the reader what to expect and helps you stay focused on your main argument. Without it, your writing may wander off-topic, making it hard for readers to follow your ideas.

Guiding the Reader

Your thesis statement acts as a roadmap for the reader. It highlights the main points you will discuss, ensuring that they understand the purpose of your paper. This clarity is crucial for keeping your audience engaged and informed.

Enhancing Coherence

A strong thesis statement helps in organizing your thoughts and arguments. It ensures that all parts of your paper connect back to the main idea, creating a cohesive piece of writing. This coherence is vital for effective communication, especially in academic settings where clarity is key.

In summary, a well-crafted thesis statement is not just a formality; it is the backbone of your writing. It helps you articulate your ideas clearly and keeps your readers engaged. As you work on your thesis, consider resources like research rebels® for tips on crafting effective statements. They provide valuable insights that can make your thesis writing process smoother and more enjoyable.

Characteristics of a Strong Thesis Statement

Specificity and clarity.

A strong thesis statement must be specific and clear. It should directly state your main argument without any ambiguity. For example, instead of saying "Many people think that social media is bad," you could say, "Social media platforms, by promoting unrealistic standards , contribute to increasing anxiety among teenagers." This version is more focused and sets a clear direction for your paper.

Debatable Claims

Your thesis should present a claim that can be debated. This means it should not be a simple fact but rather an assertion that others might disagree with. For instance, saying "Climate change is real" is a fact, but saying "Government policies should prioritize renewable energy to combat climate change" invites discussion and debate.

Supporting Evidence

A strong thesis statement is backed by evidence. This means you should be prepared to support your claim with facts, statistics, or examples. For instance, if your thesis is about the impact of technology on education, you might include studies that show how technology improves learning outcomes.

The Role of Topic Sentences in Academic Writing

Defining topic sentences.

A topic sentence is a crucial element in academic writing. It introduces the main idea of a paragraph, setting the tone and direction for the sentences that follow. This sentence acts as a guide for both the writer and the reader, ensuring clarity and focus.

Connecting Ideas

Topic sentences help in connecting ideas across paragraphs. By clearly stating the main point, they allow readers to follow the flow of the argument. This connection is essential for maintaining coherence in your writing.

Structuring Arguments

When you structure your arguments, topic sentences play a vital role. They not only summarize the main point of the paragraph but also relate it back to the thesis statement. This relationship reinforces the overall argument of your paper, making it more persuasive.

In summary, effective topic sentences are essential for clear and organized writing. They help in defining the main idea, connecting thoughts, and structuring arguments, ultimately guiding the reader through your work.

How Thesis Statements and Topic Sentences Interact

Creating a cohesive argument.

To create a strong argument in your writing, both thesis statements and topic sentences play crucial roles. Your thesis statement serves as the main idea of your entire paper , while topic sentences introduce the main idea of each paragraph. This relationship helps to ensure that every part of your essay supports your overall argument.

Transitioning Between Ideas

When you write, it's important to connect your ideas smoothly. Topic sentences can act as bridges between paragraphs, guiding the reader from one point to the next. For example, if your thesis statement discusses the impact of climate change, a topic sentence in the next paragraph might introduce a specific effect, like rising sea levels. This creates a logical flow in your writing.

Supporting the Thesis

Each topic sentence should relate back to your thesis statement. This means that as you develop your paragraphs, you should always ask yourself how each point supports your main argument. This connection not only strengthens your writing but also helps your reader follow your reasoning.

In summary, understanding how thesis statements and topic sentences interact is essential for crafting a well-structured essay. By ensuring that each topic sentence aligns with your thesis, you create a clear and compelling argument that engages your reader.

For additional support in writing your thesis, consider resources like the [ Thesis Dialogue Blueprint ](https://researchrebels.com/products/thesis-dialogue-blueprint) from Research Rebels, which can help alleviate thesis-related anxiety. You can also explore the Thesis Success Essentials for free templates that guide you through the writing process.

Common Errors in Thesis and Topic Sentence Construction

Vagueness and ambiguity.

One of the most common mistakes in writing thesis statements and topic sentences is vagueness . When your sentences lack specific details, they can confuse the reader. For example, instead of saying, "Many people think that dogs are great pets," you could say, "Many families prefer small dog breeds, like Chihuahuas and Pomeranians , for their friendly nature and low maintenance ." This change makes your point clearer and more engaging.

Overgeneralization

Another frequent error is overgeneralization. This happens when you make broad claims that are hard to support. For instance, saying, "All dogs are friendly" is too sweeping. Instead, you might say, "While many dogs are friendly, certain breeds, like Chihuahuas , can be more reserved around strangers." This approach allows for a more nuanced discussion.

Lack of Focus

A lack of focus can also weaken your writing. If your thesis or topic sentence tries to cover too much, it can lose its impact. For example, instead of writing, "This paper will discuss dogs, cats, and birds," you should narrow it down to something like, "This paper will focus on the benefits of owning dogs as pets ." This specificity helps guide your writing and keeps your audience engaged.

By avoiding these common errors, you can create stronger thesis statements and topic sentences that effectively communicate your ideas and engage your readers.

Examples of Effective Thesis Statements

Analyzing strong examples.

When crafting a thesis statement, it’s essential to ensure that it is clear and concise. Here are some examples of effective thesis statements:

• "The rise of social media has significantly altered the way we communicate, leading to both positive and negative effects on interpersonal relationships."
• "Climate change is the most pressing issue of our time, requiring immediate action from governments and individuals alike to mitigate its effects."
• "The portrayal of women in media often reinforces harmful stereotypes, which can have detrimental effects on societal perceptions of gender roles."

Comparing Weak Statements

Weak thesis statements often lack clarity or specificity. Here are examples of ineffective thesis statements:

• "Social media is bad."
• "Many people think climate change is real."
• "Media affects people."

Learning from Real-World Applications

In real-world scenarios, effective thesis statements can be found in various forms of writing, from academic papers to opinion pieces. For instance, in the article " Mastering Business Statistics with 'Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel'", the thesis emphasizes the importance of statistical literacy in business decision-making. This clear focus helps guide the reader through the complexities of the subject.

By understanding how to write a thesis fast and easily, you can enhance your writing skills and create compelling arguments that engage your audience.

Crafting Effective Topic Sentences

Strategies for clarity.

When you write a topic sentence, make sure it clearly states the main idea of the paragraph. This helps your readers understand what to expect. A good topic sentence should be specific enough to guide the reader but general enough to allow for discussion. For example:

• "The meat industry significantly impacts the environment." This sentence sets the stage for further exploration of the topic.

Maintaining Focus

To keep your writing on track, ensure that each topic sentence relates directly to your thesis statement. This connection helps maintain a clear focus throughout your paper. You can ask yourself:

• Does this topic sentence support my main argument?
• Is it relevant to the paragraph's content? By answering these questions, you can refine your topic sentences to better align with your overall message.

Using Transitions

Transitions are essential for smooth reading. When moving from one paragraph to another, consider using transition words in your topic sentences. For instance:

• "In addition to environmental concerns, the meat industry also raises ethical issues." This not only connects the ideas but also prepares the reader for new information.

By following these strategies, you can craft effective topic sentences that enhance the clarity and flow of your writing. Remember, a well-structured paragraph begins with a strong topic sentence that guides the reader through your argument.

The Impact of Thesis and Topic Sentences on Reader Engagement

Capturing interest.

A strong thesis statement and clear topic sentences are essential for grabbing your reader's attention. When you present a compelling argument right from the start, you invite your audience to engage with your work. This initial hook is crucial in academic writing, as it sets the tone for the entire paper.

Maintaining Attention

Once you have captured your reader's interest, it’s important to keep them engaged. Well-crafted topic sentences act as signposts, guiding readers through your arguments. They help maintain focus by clearly stating what each paragraph will discuss. This clarity allows readers to follow your line of thought without getting lost.

Encouraging Critical Thinking

A well-defined thesis statement encourages readers to think critically about your argument. It invites them to consider your perspective and the evidence you present. By clearly stating your main point, you challenge your audience to engage with your ideas and form their own opinions. This interaction is vital for fostering a deeper understanding of the topic.

In summary, both thesis statements and topic sentences play a significant role in engaging readers. They not only capture interest but also maintain attention and encourage critical thinking. By focusing on these elements, you can enhance the overall effectiveness of your writing.

Revising Thesis and Topic Sentences

Importance of Revision

Revising your thesis and topic sentences is crucial for creating a strong academic paper. A well-crafted thesis statement serves as the backbone of your essay , guiding your arguments and ensuring clarity. As you write, revisit your thesis to ensure it reflects your evolving ideas and insights. This process helps maintain focus and coherence throughout your work.

Techniques for Improvement

To effectively revise your thesis and topic sentences, consider the following steps:

• Review your thesis statement : Ensure it clearly states your main argument and is specific enough to guide your writing.
• Align topic sentences with your thesis : Each topic sentence should connect back to your thesis, summarizing the main point of the paragraph.
• Seek feedback : Share your work with peers or instructors to gain fresh perspectives and suggestions for improvement.

Feedback and Collaboration

Engaging in discussions about your thesis and topic sentences can lead to valuable insights. Collaborating with others allows you to refine your ideas and strengthen your arguments. Remember, revising is not just about correcting mistakes; it’s about enhancing the overall quality of your writing. By focusing on these aspects, you can create a more compelling and coherent academic paper that effectively communicates your ideas.

In summary, revising your thesis and topic sentences is an essential part of the writing process. By following these steps and seeking feedback, you can ensure that your writing remains focused and impactful. This will ultimately lead to a more engaging and persuasive essay.

The Evolution of Thesis Statements in Academic Writing

Historical perspectives.

The concept of a thesis statement has evolved significantly over time. Originally, the term "thesis" comes from the Greek word thésis , which Aristotle discussed in his works. In the past, thesis statements were often vague and lacked the clarity needed for effective academic writing. Today, a strong thesis statement is essential for guiding readers through complex arguments.

Current Trends

In modern academic writing, thesis statements have become more focused and specific. They serve as a roadmap for the reader, outlining the main argument and direction of the paper. This shift reflects a broader trend towards clarity and precision in academic discourse. For instance, many educators now emphasize the importance of crafting a thesis that is not only clear but also debatable, allowing for meaningful discussion.

Future Directions

Looking ahead, the role of thesis statements is likely to continue evolving. As academic writing becomes more interdisciplinary, the expectations for thesis statements may shift. Writers will need to adapt their thesis statements to address diverse audiences and incorporate various perspectives. This adaptability will be crucial for maintaining relevance in an ever-changing academic landscape.

In summary, understanding the evolution of thesis statements helps you appreciate their importance in academic writing. As you learn how to write dissertation fast , remember that a well-crafted thesis statement is your first step toward effective communication in your research.

Thesis statements have changed a lot over time, and understanding this evolution can really help you in your writing. If you're feeling stuck or anxious about your thesis, don’t worry! Visit our website to discover our easy-to-follow Thesis Action Plan that can guide you step by step. Take control of your academic journey today!

In summary, understanding the difference between a thesis statement and a topic sentence is essential for effective writing. A thesis statement presents the main argument of a paper, guiding the reader on what to expect. It is a clear, focused claim that can be debated and supported with evidence. On the other hand, a topic sentence introduces the main idea of a paragraph, helping to organize thoughts and maintain clarity. Recognizing these distinctions not only improves writing skills but also enhances critical thinking. By mastering both elements, students can create more coherent and persuasive essays.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a thesis statement and a topic sentence.

A thesis statement presents the main argument of a paper, while a topic sentence introduces the main idea of a specific paragraph.

Why is a thesis statement important?

A thesis statement gives direction to the entire paper and helps the reader understand the main point.

How can I write a strong thesis statement?

A strong thesis statement should be clear, specific, and debatable, providing a focus for your paper.

What role do topic sentences play in writing?

Topic sentences guide the reader through each paragraph, showing how it connects to the overall argument.

What are common mistakes in writing thesis statements?

Common mistakes include being too vague, too broad, or lacking a clear argument.

How can I improve my topic sentences?

Make sure your topic sentences are specific and directly related to the main idea of the paragraph.

Can a thesis statement change during the writing process?

Yes, as you research and write, you may refine your thesis statement to better reflect your findings.

Why is revision important for thesis and topic sentences?

Revision helps ensure clarity, focus, and coherence in your writing, making your arguments stronger.

Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics: A Fun and Informative Guide

Unlocking the Power of Data: A Review of 'Essentials of Modern Business Statistics with Microsoft Excel'

Discovering Statistics Using SAS: A Comprehensive Review

How to Type Your Thesis Fast Without Compromising Quality

Looking for the Perfect Thesis Literature Review Sample? Here’s What You Should Know

Explanatory vs. Argumentative Thesis: Which Style Fits Your Paper Best?

Thesis Action Plan

• Rebels Blog
• Blog Articles
• Affiliate Program
• Terms and Conditions
• Payment and Shipping Terms
• Privacy Policy
• Return Policy

© 2024 Research Rebels, All rights reserved.

Your cart is currently empty.

While Sandel argues that pursuing perfection through genetic engineering would decrease our sense of humility, he claims that the sense of solidarity we would lose is also important.

This thesis summarizes several points in Sandel’s argument, but it does not make a claim about how we should understand his argument. A reader who read Sandel’s argument would not also need to read an essay based on this descriptive thesis.  

Broad thesis (arguable, but difficult to support with evidence) 

Michael Sandel’s arguments about genetic engineering do not take into consideration all the relevant issues.

This is an arguable claim because it would be possible to argue against it by saying that Michael Sandel’s arguments do take all of the relevant issues into consideration. But the claim is too broad. Because the thesis does not specify which “issues” it is focused on—or why it matters if they are considered—readers won’t know what the rest of the essay will argue, and the writer won’t know what to focus on. If there is a particular issue that Sandel does not address, then a more specific version of the thesis would include that issue—hand an explanation of why it is important.  

Arguable thesis with analytical claim 

While Sandel argues persuasively that our instinct to “remake” (54) ourselves into something ever more perfect is a problem, his belief that we can always draw a line between what is medically necessary and what makes us simply “better than well” (51) is less convincing.

This is an arguable analytical claim. To argue for this claim, the essay writer will need to show how evidence from the article itself points to this interpretation. It’s also a reasonable scope for a thesis because it can be supported with evidence available in the text and is neither too broad nor too narrow.  

Arguable thesis with normative claim 

Given Sandel’s argument against genetic enhancement, we should not allow parents to decide on using Human Growth Hormone for their children.

This thesis tells us what we should do about a particular issue discussed in Sandel’s article, but it does not tell us how we should understand Sandel’s argument.  

Questions to ask about your thesis 

• Is the thesis truly arguable? Does it speak to a genuine dilemma in the source, or would most readers automatically agree with it?  
• Is the thesis too obvious? Again, would most or all readers agree with it without needing to see your argument?  
• Is the thesis complex enough to require a whole essay's worth of argument?  
• Is the thesis supportable with evidence from the text rather than with generalizations or outside research?  
• Would anyone want to read a paper in which this thesis was developed? That is, can you explain what this paper is adding to our understanding of a problem, question, or topic?
• picture_as_pdf Thesis

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.

• Knowledge Base
• How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on January 11, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on August 15, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . It usually comes near the end of your introduction .

Your thesis will look a bit different depending on the type of essay you’re writing. But the thesis statement should always clearly state the main idea you want to get across. Everything else in your essay should relate back to this idea.

You can write your thesis statement by following four simple steps:

• Start with a question
• Write your initial answer
• Develop your answer
• Refine your thesis statement

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Upload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes

Table of contents

What is a thesis statement, placement of the thesis statement, step 1: start with a question, step 2: write your initial answer, step 3: develop your answer, step 4: refine your thesis statement, types of thesis statements, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis statements.

A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why.

The best thesis statements are:

• Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.
• Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that everyone already knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires further evidence or analysis to back it up.
• Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be supported and explained in the rest of your paper.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

The thesis statement generally appears at the end of your essay introduction or research paper introduction .

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for both students and teachers.

You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis , early in the writing process . As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic , you need to work out what you want to say about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.

You might already have a question in your assignment, but if not, try to come up with your own. What would you like to find out or decide about your topic?

For example, you might ask:

After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process .

Here's why students love Scribbr's proofreading services

Discover proofreading & editing

Now you need to consider why this is your answer and how you will convince your reader to agree with you. As you read more about your topic and begin writing, your answer should get more detailed.

In your essay about the internet and education, the thesis states your position and sketches out the key arguments you’ll use to support it.

The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education because it facilitates easier access to information.

In your essay about braille, the thesis statement summarizes the key historical development that you’ll explain.

The invention of braille in the 19th century transformed the lives of blind people, allowing them to participate more actively in public life.

A strong thesis statement should tell the reader:

• Why you hold this position
• What they’ll learn from your essay
• The key points of your argument or narrative

The final thesis statement doesn’t just state your position, but summarizes your overall argument or the entire topic you’re going to explain. To strengthen a weak thesis statement, it can help to consider the broader context of your topic.

These examples are more specific and show that you’ll explore your topic in depth.

Your thesis statement should match the goals of your essay, which vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing:

• In an argumentative essay , your thesis statement should take a strong position. Your aim in the essay is to convince your reader of this thesis based on evidence and logical reasoning.
• In an expository essay , you’ll aim to explain the facts of a topic or process. Your thesis statement doesn’t have to include a strong opinion in this case, but it should clearly state the central point you want to make, and mention the key elements you’ll explain.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
• Sunk cost fallacy

College essays

• Choosing Essay Topic
• Write a College Essay
• Write a Diversity Essay
• College Essay Format & Structure
• Comparing and Contrasting in an Essay

 (AI) Tools

• Grammar Checker
• Paraphrasing Tool
• Text Summarizer
• AI Detector
• Plagiarism Checker
• Citation Generator

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

Follow these four steps to come up with a thesis statement :

• Ask a question about your topic .
• Write your initial answer.
• Develop your answer by including reasons.
• Refine your answer, adding more detail and nuance.

The thesis statement should be placed at the end of your essay introduction .

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

McCombes, S. (2023, August 15). How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved October 19, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/thesis-statement/

Is this article helpful?

Shona McCombes

Other students also liked, how to write an essay introduction | 4 steps & examples, how to write topic sentences | 4 steps, examples & purpose, academic paragraph structure | step-by-step guide & examples, what is your plagiarism score.

Thesis Statements

What this handout is about.

This handout describes what a thesis statement is, how thesis statements work in your writing, and how you can craft or refine one for your draft.

Introduction

Writing in college often takes the form of persuasion—convincing others that you have an interesting, logical point of view on the subject you are studying. Persuasion is a skill you practice regularly in your daily life. You persuade your roommate to clean up, your parents to let you borrow the car, your friend to vote for your favorite candidate or policy. In college, course assignments often ask you to make a persuasive case in writing. You are asked to convince your reader of your point of view. This form of persuasion, often called academic argument, follows a predictable pattern in writing. After a brief introduction of your topic, you state your point of view on the topic directly and often in one sentence. This sentence is the thesis statement, and it serves as a summary of the argument you’ll make in the rest of your paper.

What is a thesis statement?

A thesis statement:

• tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion.
• is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper.
• directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself. The subject, or topic, of an essay might be World War II or Moby Dick; a thesis must then offer a way to understand the war or the novel.
• makes a claim that others might dispute.
• is usually a single sentence near the beginning of your paper (most often, at the end of the first paragraph) that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.

If your assignment asks you to take a position or develop a claim about a subject, you may need to convey that position or claim in a thesis statement near the beginning of your draft. The assignment may not explicitly state that you need a thesis statement because your instructor may assume you will include one. When in doubt, ask your instructor if the assignment requires a thesis statement. When an assignment asks you to analyze, to interpret, to compare and contrast, to demonstrate cause and effect, or to take a stand on an issue, it is likely that you are being asked to develop a thesis and to support it persuasively. (Check out our handout on understanding assignments for more information.)

How do I create a thesis?

A thesis is the result of a lengthy thinking process. Formulating a thesis is not the first thing you do after reading an essay assignment. Before you develop an argument on any topic, you have to collect and organize evidence, look for possible relationships between known facts (such as surprising contrasts or similarities), and think about the significance of these relationships. Once you do this thinking, you will probably have a “working thesis” that presents a basic or main idea and an argument that you think you can support with evidence. Both the argument and your thesis are likely to need adjustment along the way.

Writers use all kinds of techniques to stimulate their thinking and to help them clarify relationships or comprehend the broader significance of a topic and arrive at a thesis statement. For more ideas on how to get started, see our handout on brainstorming .

How do I know if my thesis is strong?

If there’s time, run it by your instructor or make an appointment at the Writing Center to get some feedback. Even if you do not have time to get advice elsewhere, you can do some thesis evaluation of your own. When reviewing your first draft and its working thesis, ask yourself the following :

• Do I answer the question? Re-reading the question prompt after constructing a working thesis can help you fix an argument that misses the focus of the question. If the prompt isn’t phrased as a question, try to rephrase it. For example, “Discuss the effect of X on Y” can be rephrased as “What is the effect of X on Y?”
• Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? If your thesis simply states facts that no one would, or even could, disagree with, it’s possible that you are simply providing a summary, rather than making an argument.
• Is my thesis statement specific enough? Thesis statements that are too vague often do not have a strong argument. If your thesis contains words like “good” or “successful,” see if you could be more specific: why is something “good”; what specifically makes something “successful”?
• Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? If a reader’s first response is likely to  be “So what?” then you need to clarify, to forge a relationship, or to connect to a larger issue.
• Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering? If your thesis and the body of your essay do not seem to go together, one of them has to change. It’s okay to change your working thesis to reflect things you have figured out in the course of writing your paper. Remember, always reassess and revise your writing as necessary.
• Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? If a reader’s first response is “how?” or “why?” your thesis may be too open-ended and lack guidance for the reader. See what you can add to give the reader a better take on your position right from the beginning.

Suppose you are taking a course on contemporary communication, and the instructor hands out the following essay assignment: “Discuss the impact of social media on public awareness.” Looking back at your notes, you might start with this working thesis:

Social media impacts public awareness in both positive and negative ways.

You can use the questions above to help you revise this general statement into a stronger thesis.

• Do I answer the question? You can analyze this if you rephrase “discuss the impact” as “what is the impact?” This way, you can see that you’ve answered the question only very generally with the vague “positive and negative ways.”
• Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not likely. Only people who maintain that social media has a solely positive or solely negative impact could disagree.
• Is my thesis statement specific enough? No. What are the positive effects? What are the negative effects?
• Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? No. Why are they positive? How are they positive? What are their causes? Why are they negative? How are they negative? What are their causes?
• Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? No. Why should anyone care about the positive and/or negative impact of social media?

After thinking about your answers to these questions, you decide to focus on the one impact you feel strongly about and have strong evidence for:

Because not every voice on social media is reliable, people have become much more critical consumers of information, and thus, more informed voters.

This version is a much stronger thesis! It answers the question, takes a specific position that others can challenge, and it gives a sense of why it matters.

Let’s try another. Suppose your literature professor hands out the following assignment in a class on the American novel: Write an analysis of some aspect of Mark Twain’s novel Huckleberry Finn. “This will be easy,” you think. “I loved Huckleberry Finn!” You grab a pad of paper and write:

Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is a great American novel.

You begin to analyze your thesis:

• Do I answer the question? No. The prompt asks you to analyze some aspect of the novel. Your working thesis is a statement of general appreciation for the entire novel.

Think about aspects of the novel that are important to its structure or meaning—for example, the role of storytelling, the contrasting scenes between the shore and the river, or the relationships between adults and children. Now you write:

In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore.

• Do I answer the question? Yes!
• Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not really. This contrast is well-known and accepted.
• Is my thesis statement specific enough? It’s getting there–you have highlighted an important aspect of the novel for investigation. However, it’s still not clear what your analysis will reveal.
• Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? Not yet. Compare scenes from the book and see what you discover. Free write, make lists, jot down Huck’s actions and reactions and anything else that seems interesting.
• Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? What’s the point of this contrast? What does it signify?”

After examining the evidence and considering your own insights, you write:

Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twain’s Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of American democratic ideals, one must leave “civilized” society and go back to nature.

This final thesis statement presents an interpretation of a literary work based on an analysis of its content. Of course, for the essay itself to be successful, you must now present evidence from the novel that will convince the reader of your interpretation.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Anson, Chris M., and Robert A. Schwegler. 2010. The Longman Handbook for Writers and Readers , 6th ed. New York: Longman.

Lunsford, Andrea A. 2015. The St. Martin’s Handbook , 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St Martin’s.

Ramage, John D., John C. Bean, and June Johnson. 2018. The Allyn & Bacon Guide to Writing , 8th ed. New York: Pearson.

Ruszkiewicz, John J., Christy Friend, Daniel Seward, and Maxine Hairston. 2010. The Scott, Foresman Handbook for Writers , 9th ed. Boston: Pearson Education.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Make a Gift