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Top 10 Best PhD in Law Programs [2024]

A PhD in law is an advanced qualification that will make you a true legal expert. You can use that credential to work as a legal research scholar or teach at a post-secondary level. This is not only a prestigious career path but also a lucrative one — today’s law PhD holders have an average salary of $93,000.

Today’s law schools emphasize an interdisciplinary approach to legal education, equipping students to work in a diverse range of fields.

Interested in an advanced criminal justice career? Below we’ll cover the top PhD in law programs, universities, and what you need to know before pursuing a doctorate in law.

Table of Contents

Top PhD in Law Programs

Yale university, law school.

Yale University’s Law School ranks first in the nation, with its 20 legal clinics offering an immersive experience for students. This PhD program has a purely academic focus. To qualify for admission, you’ll need to already have a JD (Juris Doctor) degree. If accepted, you’ll be able to benefit from Yale Law School’s acclaimed “Yale Teaching Program.”

Courses: Criminal law & administration, international human rights, and complex civil litigation.
Duration: 3 years
Delivery: On-campus
Tuition: Fully funded
Financial aid: Full tuition coverage, health insurance, and stipend.
Acceptance rate: 7%
Location: New Haven, Connecticut

Stanford University

Doctor of the Science of Law (JSD)

Stanford University is another highly acclaimed institution in the field of law education with a tough admissions process. Only a few exceptionally gifted students with an international JD or LLB or a SPILS (Stanford Program in International Legal Studies) qualification are accepted into this program every year. The program has an emphasis on an interdisciplinary approach to law.

Courses: Advanced antitrust, current issues in business law, and reinventing American criminal justice systems.
Credits: 44 units
Duration: 4 years
Tuition : $64,350 per year
Financial aid: Scholarships, fellowships, grants, assistantships, federal work-study, and loans.
Acceptance rate: 5%
Location: Stanford, California

The University of Chicago, The Law School

Doctor of Jurisprudence (JSD)

The Law School of the University of Chicago is renowned for its interdisciplinary approach to teaching and cross-lists its courses with other departments. The faculty include philosophers, political scientists, historians, and law scholars. Students also have the option to pursue a Doctorate in Comparative Law (D.Comp.L.) instead of a JSD if they wish.

Courses: Antitrust & intellectual property, civil rights clinic: police accountability, and American legal history.
Duration: 5 years
Tuition : $7,647 per year
Financial aid: Full tuition scholarship, fellowship, and health insurance.
Acceptance rate: 7%
Location: Chicago, Illinois

Columbia University, Law School

JSD Program

The Columbia Law School emphasizes experiential learning with law clinics, moot courts, and externships, offering opportunities for innovative education and valuable intellectual exchange. Students can conduct independent research with the help of their faculty advisors and they need to submit a DPR (Dissertation Progress Report) at the end of each year.

Courses: Intellectual property & technology, international & comparative law, and law of the workplace.
Duration: 5-6 years
Tuition : $75,572 per year
Financial aid: Grants, loans, and first child allowance.
Location: New York City, New York

Harvard University, Law School

Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD)

Harvard University is one of the world’s most famous centers for education, and its Law School is equally renowned. The school has a unique grading system that uses the classifications honors, pass, low-pass, and fail. This flexible SJD program allows students to design their own study plan and choose faculty supervisors for independent research.

Courses: Advanced comparative perspectives on US law, environmental justice, and strategic litigation & immigration advocacy.
Duration: 4 years
Delivery: On-campus
Tuition : $67,720 per year
Financial aid: Scholarships, grants, and loans.
Location: Cambridge, Massachusetts

The University of Pennsylvania, Carey Law School

Doctor of Science of Law (SJD)

Carey Law School’s curricula cut across disciplinary and international lines to create law experts in every field, including business, health, technology, education, and social work. For admission to the Carey Law School PhD, you must already hold an LLM or JD from the same school or an institution of similar standing.

Courses: Privacy & racial justice, appellate advocacy, and disability law.
Tuition : Refer tuition page
Financial aid: Full tuition, stipend, health insurance, and scholarships.
Acceptance rate: 9%
Location: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

The University of Arizona, James E. Rogers College of Law

The University of Arizona’s James E. Rogers College of Law is one of the country’s most affordable top-tier law schools. This PhD law degree offers the choice of two concentrations: International Trade & Business Law, and Indigenous Peoples Law & Policy.

Courses: International business & investment structuring, federal Indian law, and trusts & estates.
Duration: 3-5 years
Tuition and fees : $26,000 per year
Financial aid: Scholarships, federal work-study, loans, veteran benefits, and fellowships.
Acceptance rate: 85%
Location: Tucson, Arizona

The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Economic, Political, and Policy Sciences

Doctor of Philosophy in Criminology

The University of Texas’ School of Economic, Political, and Policy Sciences creates professionals capable of dealing with modern issues like risk management, political violence, social inequality, healthcare, and international trade & conflict resolution. You’ll need a bachelor’s in criminology or a related discipline to apply for this PhD in criminology.

Courses: Advances in criminology theory, evidence-based crime prevention, and regression & multivariate analysis.
Credits: 75 semester credit hours
Financial aid: Scholarships, grants, and loans.
Acceptance rate: 79%
Location: Richardson, Texas

Abraham Lincoln University, School of Law

Juris Doctor (JD)

This school was founded with to provide affordable education to working professionals who cannot attend regular law school. This doctorate in law is a flexible JD degree that can be completed entirely online through the university’s high-level education technology.

Courses: Criminal law, civil procedure, and wills & trusts.
Delivery: Online
Tuition : $10,100 per year
Acceptance rate: 90.3%
Location: Glendale, California

Walden University

Online PhD in Criminal Justice

Walden University aims to help working professionals pursue advanced degrees and has been ranked #1 in research doctorates for African-American students. This program was one of the first online doctorates in criminal justice and allows students to explore national and international issues in criminal justice administration with a dual emphasis on contemporary theory and practice.

Courses: History & contemporary issues in criminal justice, policy & analysis in criminal justice systems, and research theory, design & methods.
Credits: 77 quarter credits
Tuition : $636 per quarter hour
Financial aid: Grants, scholarships, loans, and veteran benefits.
Acceptance rate: 100%
Location: Minneapolis, Minnesota

What Do You Need to Get a PhD in Law?

The exact requirements vary depending on the program, but you’ll typically need a LLB, LLM, or JD as a basic prerequisite.

As part of the admission process, you usually need to submit:

Academic transcripts from previous studies
Personal essay and/or research proposal
Recommendation letters

To earn your doctorate, you’ll have to complete coursework, qualifying examinations, and usually a dissertation to a high standard.

Preparing for a Law Doctorate Program

The best PhD in legal studies programs are competitive, so it’s important to start preparing early. Keep up to date on developments in the field and research the best universities that offer your preferred specialization.

Look into leading faculty members in your areas of interest, and network by joining relevant professional communities. Once you’ve decided on your dream program, check admission requirements to prepare the strongest possible application.

Things to Consider When Choosing a Law PhD Program

Choosing the best law PhD program will depend on a range of factors, including your passions and interests. However, there are a few general factors that are essential for everyone deciding on a law school for their PhD to consider:

Location: First, a school close by could save you on accommodation costs. But that’s not the only location consideration. You should look at your school destination for evidence of a booming legal or education industry. For example, New York is a hub for business, while Boston is known as a center for technology.
Cost and funding: Ensure the program costs align with your budget and explore financial aid opportunities.
Specialization: Some schools offer unique specializations like social justice, law and economics, and international law. Choose a program with a focus on your preferred specialization.
Faculty: The university’s reputation is important, but its faculty credentials are equally critical. Explore faculty backgrounds by researching published papers and social media profiles like LinkedIn.
Class sizes: Smaller class sizes mean better one-on-one attention; however, a larger cohort offers better networking opportunities.
Placement support: What happens after graduation? Are you on the hook for finding a job on your own, or does the school offer placement options? Find out where alumni are employed to get an idea.

Why Get a Doctorate in Law?

A doctorate degree in law will allow you to pursue roles in the legal field as a scholar, researcher, or academic, and build a worthwhile career.

Several candidates apply for admission to PhD in jurisprudence programs every academic year, but top law schools have low acceptance rates, and only a few are accepted. For example, Harvard only has around 70 SJD students while hundreds or thousands may apply. Therefore, with this qualification, you’ll belong to an exclusive group of in-demand professionals.

Jobs for PhD in Law Degree Holders

Here are some common roles for PhD holders in law with the average annual salaries for each:

General Counsel ($170,183 )
Staff Attorney ($71,106 )
Professor of Law ( $131,926 )
Project Manager ( $76,264 )
Senior Research Associate ( $75,029 )

Course Costs

The cost greatly depends on where you study, but prestigious law schools can charge annual tuition of around $65,000. Once you factor in living expenses, books, and facility fees, the total cost can add up to around $100,000 a year. However, you can find programs with tuition and fees for as little as $7,500 a year. Moreover, most top institutions offer full-tuition scholarships, stipends, and similar financial aid that cover almost all of your expenses.

Course Length

Typically, a PhD in law takes 3-5 years to complete. However, most programs will give you extra time to complete your doctorate if needed.

Skills You’ll Gain through a PhD in Law

Aside from giving you in-depth and expansive legal knowledge, PhD in law programs can also help you develop the following skills:

Communication
Presentation
Critical Thinking
Project Management
Problem Solving

Key Takeaways

A PhD in law is an excellent choice for legal professionals seeking a career in research or academia. While a JD or Juris Doctor is equivalent to a PhD, the former equips you to become a law practitioner.

On the other hand, if you want to teach at a post-secondary level or conduct further legal research, you will need a PhD. Prepare early and choose a program that will best help you to achieve your career goals.

For more law education advice, take a look at our guide on the best master’s in criminal justice programs , or weigh up your options with the highest-paying PhDs .

PhD in Law FAQs

What is a phd in law called.

A PhD in law is usually called a Doctor of Law or Doctor of Laws. Some universities offer a JD (Juris Doctor or Doctor of Jurisprudence) degree, while others offer SJD (Doctor of Juridical Science) or JSD (Doctor of Science in Jurisprudence) programs.

Is a PhD in Law the Same as a JD?

A JD (Juris Doctor) degree is suitable for anyone who wants to practice as a licensed legal professional. These programs usually take three years to complete and are mostly coursework-focused.

On the other hand, a PhD in law may take 5-6 years to complete and usually involves a dissertation or major research project. If your aim is professional research or a job in academia in the discipline rather than practicing law, a PhD is better for you.

What is the Highest Degree in Law?

A PhD in law is generally considered the most advanced law degree. While some universities call it by other names, such as SJD (Doctor of Juridical Science) or JSD (Doctor of Jurisprudence degree), this is essentially the same thing.

How Long is a PhD in Law?

PhD Law programs typically take 3-5 years to complete. You may take longer for individual reasons, such as if you choose to study part-time.

What Does a PhD in Law Do?

A PhD in law will equip you to work in legal research or academia.

Lisa Marlin

Lisa is a full-time writer specializing in career advice, further education, and personal development. She works from all over the world, and when not writing you'll find her hiking, practicing yoga, or enjoying a glass of Malbec.

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Ph.D. Program Details

Why a ph.d. in law • course of study • placement and support on the law teaching market • tuition and financial aid.

Why a Ph.D. in Law?

In addition to offering an opportunity to study and contribute to the evolution of law as an academic field of study, the Ph.D. in Law program provides an excellent pathway to a career in legal scholarship and law teaching. Whether it is right for any individual candidate depends on a variety of factors. If you are trying to decide between the Ph.D. in Law program and a fellowship or a visiting assistant professorship (VAP), you should keep in mind a number of considerations, including that the Ph.D. in Law program is a three-year course of study beyond the J.D. and that it provides a more structured program—including coursework, qualifying exams, and close faculty supervision—than do most fellowships or VAPs. The Ph.D. in Law program requires coursework, a written and an oral comprehensive exam, a dissertation—which may take the form of a traditional monograph or three law review articles—and teaching experience. You should also consider the availability of appropriate mentors in different programs. At Yale Law School, you will have a three-member faculty committee advising you throughout your time in the Ph.D. program, and you will have an opportunity to work closely with a wide range of Yale faculty in your courses and in your research and writing. In addition, you will have the opportunity to engage fully in the intellectual life of Yale Law School and Yale University's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences .

If you are trying to decide between the Ph.D. in Law and a Ph.D. in another discipline, many of the same considerations come into play. Please keep in mind that Ph.D. programs in economics, political science, history, and other fields train scholars to produce research responsive to the questions central to those disciplines. The scholarship produced by law faculties—and expected of candidates for teaching positions at law schools—is largely motivated by different sets of questions. While many students are able to apply their training in other disciplines to the study of law, a significant advantage of the Ph.D. in Law program is that it is designed specifically to prepare students for careers in legal scholarship, rather than in scholarship in another field. We should also stress that the Ph.D. in Law program welcomes applications from candidates with interdisciplinary research interests—significant advanced training in other disciplines as a part of the Ph.D. in Law program is encouraged, where appropriate.

Course of Study

Applicants to the Ph.D. in Law program should know the area of law in which they would like to specialize and should be prepared to articulate that interest in a research proposal. Applicants’ research proposals, however, are not expected to be as refined as a dissertation prospectus, and it is anticipated that the nature of students’ projects and interests will evolve over their time in the program. Each student will have a faculty Advisory Committee, which will work with the student to develop the research project into a dissertation prospectus and, eventually, a dissertation—which may take the form of three significant, publishable articles that might appear in a leading law review, or a single, book-length manuscript.

The First Year

Most students will dedicate much of their first year in the program to coursework. Students will work with their Advisory Committees to select as many as six courses that will best prepare them to carry out their research projects. In cases where students have already completed relevant graduate training, their Advisory Committees may waive up to four of the six required courses.

All first-year Ph.D. candidates will be required to take a two-semester pro-seminar on legal scholarship and methodologies. The first semester of this pro-seminar will be dedicated to reading and discussing canonical works of legal scholarship. The second semester will be devoted to the presentation and discussion of student papers in a workshop format. The pro-seminar, required of all Ph.D. candidates, will be the cornerstone of a genuine intellectual and professional community, serving as well as an opportunity for students working in different areas of law to interact with and to learn from each other and from the faculty leading these and other seminars and workshops.

During their second semester, all Ph.D. candidates will complete the first of two qualifying examinations. The pro-seminar will constitute the primary preparation for this first, written, examination. During their second semester and first summer in the program, students will also work with their Advisory Committees to prepare for a second qualifying exam in their area of specialization. Unlike the first qualifying exam, which measures the breadth of a candidate’s knowledge, the second is an opportunity to demonstrate mastery of the candidate’s area of specialization. The second qualifying exam will be conducted orally by the candidate’s Advisory Committee members and ordinarily will be administered at the beginning of the third semester in the program.

The Second Year

After passing the second qualifying exam, candidates will assemble a faculty Dissertation Committee. This committee often will—but does not have to—include the same faculty members who served on the candidate’s initial Advisory Committee. In their second year, students will work with their Dissertation Committees to bring their dissertation prospectus to fruition. The dissertation itself is expected to take the form of either a book-length manuscript or three publishable law review articles; it will usually constitute a portfolio of writing which students can use on the job market. Once the dissertation prospectus is approved, students are expected to spend the remainder of their time in the program, including summers, researching and writing the dissertation.

Each candidate in the Ph.D. in Law program also will gain training and experience in teaching, and will be required to participate in two semester-long teaching experiences. There will be a number of ways in which students may fulfill the teaching requirement. These may include (1) serving as a teaching assistant for a Law School course; (2) serving as a teaching assistant for a course in Yale College or another school at Yale; (3) co-teaching a class with a Yale Law School faculty member; (4) leading a Yale Law School Reading Group course; (5) teaching an independent seminar in one of the Yale Residential Colleges; or, (6) in unusual situations, teaching their own course. In all cases, students completing their teaching requirements will have faculty supervision, as well as close contact with and feedback from their advisors. The particular teaching assignment and the timing of this requirement will be determined by the candidate in consultation with his or her Advisory and/or Dissertation Committee, but ordinarily candidates will complete the first of their teaching requirements in the second semester of the second year of the program.

The Third Year

Those students interested in pursuing a career as a professor of law generally should expect to go on the job market during their third year in the program. Ph.D. candidates will be offered access to the same wide range of support in this endeavor as Yale Law School currently provides to its students, alumni, and fellows who enter the law teaching market. Students will otherwise devote the third year to completing their dissertation and, in many cases, completing a second teaching experience. Students will generally be expected to complete the program after three years, but requests to extend the course of study beyond three years will be considered on a case-by-case basis. In such cases, funding may be limited.

Placement and Support on the Law Teaching Market

Yale Law School has enjoyed tremendous success in helping its students secure law teaching positions. The Law School often places 25-40 of its graduates in tenure-track positions at law schools each year. Despite its relatively small size, Yale Law School has produced approximately ten percent of all professors currently teaching in American law schools. A recent study found that of the 189 faculty at the top sixteen law schools who had received their J.D. in the preceding fifteen years, a plurality—80 professors—graduated from Yale Law School. Many deans at law schools across the country and around the world also are Yale graduates.

The Law School provides comprehensive support to all its students, alumni, and fellows, guiding them through all stages of the legal teaching job market. Ph.D. in Law candidates enjoy access to the full range of support services currently available to Yale Law School students, alumni, and fellows.

For more information, consult the Law Teaching Program’s website .

Tuition and Financial Aid

Ph.D. in Law candidates will receive a full-tuition fellowship and a living stipend at an amount set by the Graduate School, Yale Basic Health coverage, and a Health Award covering the cost of hospitalization and specialty coverage. Financial support is conditioned on the student's making satisfactory academic progress. The Ph.D. in Law program is administered jointly by the Graduate School and the Law School. More information on financial aid and the cost of living in New Haven can be found on the Graduate School's website .

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Field description.

The Doctor of Science of Law degree is intended for students who want to become legal scholars and to pursue original investigations into the function, administration, history, and progress of law. The minimum residence requirement is two full terms; the program normally requires at least three to four terms. Candidates ordinarily concentrate on one legal field and do a substantial amount of work in at least one other field. The catalog of the Law School contains descriptions of subject areas and of the Graduate Legal Studies.

Contact Information

Field manual, subject and degrees.

Law (J.S.D) (Ithaca)

Concentrations by Subject

Elizabeth S. Anker

Campus: Ithaca
Concentrations: Law: law
Research Interests: She has published and taught in the areas of human rights and humanitarianism, comparative constitutional law, law and literature, law and development, postcolonial studies, critical race theory, feminist jurisprudence, animal rights, immigration law, and legal and political theory.

Emad H Atiq

Research Interests: philosophy of law, ethics and legal theory

Dan J Awrey

Research Interests: financial regulation, regulation of banks, investment funds, derivatives markets, financial market infrastructure

Celia Bigoness

Campus: Ithaca - (Minor Member)

John H. Blume

Research Interests: criminal procedure; wrongful convictions; mental health issues in criminal cases; the Supreme Court's treatment of the death penalty

Elizabeth Brundige

Research Interests: Gender Justice, International Human Rights

Yun-chien Chang

Research Interests: East Asian Law; Property Law; Empirical Legal Studies; Economic Analysis of Law; International & Comparative Law

Kevin Michael Clermont

Research Interests: civil procedure

Deborah Dinner

Research Interests: Property, Employment Law, Family Law, Gender & the Law, Law & Social Movements Law

Michael C. Dorf

Campus: Ithaca - (Divisional Member)
Research Interests: civil procedure; constitutional law; constitutional interpretation; comparative constitutional law; democratic experimentalism; federal courts; jurisprudence

Jessica M Eaglin

Research Interests: Criminal Law; Criminal Procedure; Crime Policy, Information Technology, and the Law; Race, Technology, and the Law

Maggie Gardner

Stephen P Garvey

Research Interests: criminal procedure; jurisprudence; capital sentencing

Afroditi Giovanopoulou

Research Interests: International Law, Jurisprudence, Legal History, Property

Robert Alan Green

Research Interests: taxation

James Grimmelmann

Campus: Cornell Tech (NYC)

Valerie Hans

Research Interests: law and psychology; juries; social sciences and law; empirical studies of law

George Alan Hay

Research Interests: antitrust; economics for the lawyer

Michael R. Heise

Research Interests: torts; law and education policy; insurance; constitutional law; empirical methods

Robert C. Hockett

Research Interests: financial and business organizational law and economics; distributive justice; international law and finance; social insurance

Erik Hovenkamp

Research Interests: Antitrust & Competition Policy, IP & Innovation Policy, Law & Economics, Industrial Organization

Sheri Lynn Johnson

Research Interests: race and criminal procedure; constitutional law

Alexandra D Lahav

Research Interests: Litigation risk and the history of products liability litigation.

Mitchel Lasser

Research Interests: chair of Graduate and International Faculty Committee; judicial interpretation; comparative law; comparative constitutional law; law of European Union; courts and institutions; jurisprudence; labor law

Oskar Liivak

Research Interests: patent law; biotechnology law; copyright law; intellectual property; property; trademark law; international intellectual property; science and the law

Andrei Marmor

Muna Baron Ndulo

Research Interests: human rights and elections; legal aspects of foreign investment in developing countries; African law; democracy and governance

Jens D. Ohlin

Research Interests: criminal law theory; public international law; international criminal law

Saule Omarova

Research Interests: Financial Services, Banking Law, Corporate Finance

Frank Pasquale

Research Interests: Administrative Law; Health Law & Policy, Intellectual Property; Technology, Equality, & Human Rights; Health Information, Privacy, & Innovation; Health Data Analysis & Advocacy

Jeffrey John Rachlinski

Research Interests: civil procedure; environmental law

Kazi Sabeel Al-Jalal Rahman

Research Interests: Administrative Law; Constitutional Law; Law & Inequality

David J. Reiss

Campus: Cornell Tech (NYC) - (Minor Member)
Research Interests: Real Property, Real Estate Finance, Housing Policy, and Fintech/Proptech

Brian Michael Richardson

Research Interests: Constitutional Law, International Law, Criminal Law

Stewart Jon Schwab

Research Interests: law and economics; labor and employment law

Emily Sherwin

Research Interests: property; remedies; trusts and estates; feminist jurisprudence; legal history

John Andrew Siliciano

Research Interests: torts; economics and legal doctrine

Edward Stiglitz

Nelson Tebbe

Chantal Thomas

Research Interests: relationship between international law, political economy and global social justice

Kristen Ann Underhill

Research Interests: Health Law, Torts, Law & Behavior, Law & Economics, Empirical Analysis of Law

Laura Underkuffler

Research Interests: property law and property theory; comparative property law; property rights and regime change; corruption and democratic governance; the role of moral decision-making in law

W. Bradley Wendel

Research Interests: Law

Charles Whitehead

Research Interests: corporate law; mergers and acquisitions; financial regulation; securities regulation; transactional law; law and economics; law and finance

Eleanor Wilking

Research Interests: Tax Policy, Employment Law, Law & Economics
Research Interests: Environmental Regulation and Climate Law

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